Indlela iteknoloji ye-laser cladding eyitshintsha ngayo imilo yee-impellers
Indlela iteknoloji ye-laser cladding eyitshintsha ngayo imilo yee-impellers
Kwishishini loomatshini, ii-impellers zifana neentliziyo ezingadinwayo, ziqhuba iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ukusuka kwiinjini zeenqwelo-moya ukuya kwiimpompo zamanzi ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuguguleka, ukubola, kunye nokudinwa, njengomzobi wexesha, kushiya amanxeba angenakucimeka kwezi zinto zijikelezayo ngesantya esiphezulu. Xa iindlela zokulungisa zemveli zifikelela kwimida yazo, iteknoloji yokuhlaziya ephucukileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"laser cladding" inika ezi zinto ziphambili "ubomi besibini" ngokuchaneka kwayo kotyando kunye nomlingo.
I. I-Laser Cladding: Umlingo weMetallurgical kwiMicroscale
Umgaqo ophambili wetekhnoloji yokugquma nge-laser yimilingo yanamhlanje ye-metallurgical echanekileyo nelawulekayo eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaxesha e-millimeter-scale. Isebenzisa umqadi we-laser oxineneyo ngamandla aphezulu (ngesiqhelo yi-10^4~10^6 W/cm²) njengomthombo wobushushu ukuze yenze ngokukhawuleza ichibi elincinci elinyibilikisiweyo kumphezulu we-impeller substrate eyonakeleyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ii-alloy powders ezinikezelwa kwangaphambili okanye ezihambelanayo zezinto ezithile (ezifana ne-nickel-based, cobalt-based, okanye tungsten carbide-reinforced composites) zifakwa kwi-impeller enyibilikisiweyo, zifezekisa ukubopha okukhawulezayo kwe-metallurgical kunye nezinto ze-micro-molten substrate. Yonke le nkqubo, equka ukunyibilikisa, ukuxuba, ukusasaza, kunye nokuqina okukhawulezayo, igqitywa kwimizuzwana okanye kwi-milliseconds, yenze i-coating exineneyo, esebenzayo ene-metallurgical bond enamandla kwi-substrate kunye nokwakheka kunye neempawu ezilawulekayo kakhulu. Oku kufana "nokwenza ngokwezifiso" kunye "nokuwelda ngaphandle komthungo" isikrweqe esomeleleyo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ze-impeller.
II. Iingenelo zeTekhnoloji: Ukuchaneka, Ukuqina, Uqoqosho, kunye noBulungisa kwiNdalo
Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokulungisa zemveli ezifana nokuwelda kunye nokutshiza ngobushushu, ukugqunywa nge-laser kubonisa iingenelo ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto kwicandelo lokwenziwa ngokutsha kwe-impeller:
1. Ukufakwa kobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu kunye nokuguqulwa: Amandla elaser axinene kakhulu, kwaye indawo echaphazeleka bubushushu incinci kakhulu (ngesiqhelo yi-0.1-1mm), nto leyo enokuthintela ukuguquguquka kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lwezinto ezixineneyo okanye ezichanekileyo ezifana nee-impellers kakhulu kwaye iqinisekise ukuchaneka kwazo kwejometri.
2. Amandla okubopha angenakuthelekiswa nanto: Amandla okubopha phakathi kobuso bokubopha kwe-metallurgical aphezulu kakhulu kunalawo okubopha okutshizwa ngobushushu, ahlanganiswe kakhulu ngoomatshini, afikelela kwi-70%-90% yezinto ezisisiseko, okuqinisekisa ukuba ukubopha kuqinile kwaye akuwi phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima zesantya esiphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.
3. Ukusebenza kokugcoba "okunokucwangciswa": Ngokuyila inkqubo ye-alloy powder ngendlela eguquguqukayo, iindawo ezithile ze-impeller zinganikwa iipropati zokulwa nokuguguleka, zokulwa nokugqwala, zokulwa nokubola kobushushu obuphezulu, okanye iipropati ezidityanisiweyo, ziqonda ukuba "zisebenzisa kuphela oko kufunekayo kwaye zinika kuphela ezo propati zifunekayo".
4. Ukuchaneka okugqwesileyo kokucubungula kunye nomgangatho womphezulu: Ubukhulu bokugquma bunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo phakathi kwe-0.2-3mm, kwaye umphezulu uthe tyaba kwaye emva koko ulungelelaniswa kancinci, kwaye nokuba kufutshane nokwakheka kwesimo se-net kunokufezekiswa.
5. Iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho eziluhlaza: Iindleko zokulungisa ziyi-30%-50% kuphela yokwenziwa kwezixhobo ezintsha, ukonga amandla kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo kudlula i-60%, kwaye ubomi be-impeller iyonke buyandiswa kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumzekelo ocacileyo woqoqosho olujikelezayo kunye neengcamango zophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
III. Inkqubo yokugquma: Ukusuka kwi-3D Scanning ukuya kwi-Fine Finishing
Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwe-impeller laser cladding yinkqubo yobunjineli ecwangcisiweyo nechanekileyo:
1. Uvavanyo lomonakalo kunye nokuguqulwa kwedijithali kwe-3D: Okokuqala, uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo lwenziwa kwi-impeller endala, kwaye imodeli echanekileyo yejometri yendawo eyonakeleyo ifunyanwa kusetyenziswa i-3D scanning.
2. Ucwangciso lweNdlela kunye noYilo lweNkqubo: Ngokusekelwe kwimodeli, indlela efanelekileyo yokuskena yentloko yelaser iyacwangciswa, kwaye iiparameter zenkqubo ephambili ezifana namandla elaser afanayo, isantya sokuskena, kunye nesantya sokondla ngomgubo ziyamiselwa.
3. Unyango lwangaphambi kokufakelwa kwenkunkuma: Indawo yokulungisa ihlanjwa ngokucokisekileyo, isuswe ukungcola, kwaye ilungiswe ngocoselelo. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ukufudumala ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo lobushushu.
4. Ukubeka iliso kwi-Intelligent Cladding kunye neProcess Monitoring: Phantsi kokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-CNC okanye irobhothi, intloko yelaser ihamba ngendlela emiselweyo, ihambisa umgubo ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo, kwaye imeko yedama elinyibilikisiweyo ijongwa ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ozinzileyo.
5. Uvavanyo lokuSebenza emva kokucubungula kunye nokuHlola ukusebenza: Emva kokufakwa kwe-cladding, ukufakelwa kwe-stress-relief annealing kunokwenziwa, kongezelelwe ngomatshini ofunekayo ukubuyisela ukuchaneka kweprofayili ye-blade. Okokugqibela, kwenziwa uhlolo oluqinileyo, olungatshabalalisiyo, kunye nokusebenza.
IV. Ukuzalwa ngokutsha: Ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokufunyanwa kwakhona kwexabiso
Ii-impellers eziye zaphinda zalungiswa nge-laser cladding zihlala ziphumelela kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwazo zonke, zide zidlule nezo zeemveliso ezintsha:
Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza: Ubunzima bezinto ezibalulekileyo (ezifana nomphetho wokungena komoya kunye nencam yeblade) bunokwandiswa bube ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezi-2-3 kunezo zesiseko, kwaye ubomi bokumelana nokuguguleka buyandiswa ngamaxesha ama-3-10; ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokusebenza kokumelana nokugqwala kufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Umzekelo, emva kokuba i-impeller yepompo yamanzi yesitishi samandla igqunywe nge-alloy esekwe kwi-cobalt, ubomi bayo bokumelana nokugqwala buye banda ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezi-5.
Inqanaba lejometri: Ibuyisela ngokuchanekileyo okanye ikwaphucula iprofayili yoyilo lokuqala, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-hydraulic kunye nokusebenza kwe-aerodynamic.
Inqanaba loqoqosho: Kunciphisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye neendleko zokuthenga izixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga, kunciphisa ilahleko yexesha lokungasebenzi ebezingacwangciswanga.
Inqanaba leqhinga: Le teknoloji ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwexesha elide kwezixhobo ezibalulekileyo kumacandelo aphambili afana namandla, iikhemikhali zepetroli, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa, kunye neenqwelomoya, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiindawo ezingasetyenziswayo ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Isiphelo
Ukususela kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zokubopha isinyithi ukuya ekubunjweni ngokutsha kwee-impellers, iteknoloji yokubopha nge-laser ibonisa ngokugqibeleleyo umanyano "lokuchaneka" kunye "namandla" kwimveliso yanamhlanje. Ayisiyondlela yokulungisa nje kuphela, kodwa yindlela yokuguqula ukusebenza kunye neparadigm yokuvelisa eluhlaza. Ngokudityaniswa okunzulu kobuchwepheshe obukrelekrele kunye nobedijithali kunye nokucubungula nge-laser, ukubopha nge-laser ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kubhala amabali amaninzi kwezoshishino kwicandelo elikhulu lokuhlaziya izixhobo eziphezulu.