Ukugquma nge-laser: indlela yokuhlaziya eluhlaza efaka "i-super armor" kwiinjini zamalahle

Ngaphantsi kobunzulu bemigodi yamalahle, iintsika zenkxaso ye-hydraulic kwiinkqubo zemigodi ezisebenza ngoomatshini ngokupheleleyo ziyashukuma phantsi koxinzelelo lweetoni ezili-10,000, imigxobhozo yokuhambisa i-scraper iyagungqa kwi-gangue yamalahle, ngelixa iisilinda ze-hydraulic zisokola ukusebenza kwiindawo ezifumileyo nezinobuthi. Ezi zinto zibalulekileyo zenza "isiseko sentsimbi" semisebenzi yemigodi yamalahle, zihlala zigugile, zibola, kwaye zichaphazeleka ixesha elide. Iindlela zolondolozo zemveli ezifana nokuwelda ngaphezulu, ukugquma nge-chromium, okanye ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo azibonakali nje kuphela ukuba zibiza kakhulu kwaye zithatha ixesha kodwa ziyasilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemigodi yamalahle yanamhlanje zemisebenzi esebenzayo, enekhabhoni ephantsi, kwaye ingabizi kakhulu. Ukuvela kwetekhnoloji ye-laser cladding ngoku kungenisa "uguquko lokuvuselela intsimbi" oluzolileyo kushishino loomatshini bamalahle.

I. Ukufakwa kwelaser: "utyando oluchanekileyo" lokwenziwa ngokutsha koomatshini bamalahle

Ukugquma nge-laser akusiyo "ifilimu" elula, kodwa yiteknoloji yanamhlanje eyenza ichibi lokunyibilika okuncinci phezu komphezulu wecandelo elinombane ophezulu we-laser kwaye ngaxeshanye itshiza umgubo we-alloy okhethekileyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukudityaniswa kwe-metallurgical phakathi komaleko wokugquma kunye nesiseko. Ixabiso layo eliphambili likwi:

Ukulungiswa okuchanekileyo kwethagethi: Umqadi welaser ungabekwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuze ugqunywe imingxunya kunye nemigodi yokugqwala, ukuthintela ukonakala kwesiseko esisempilweni, ngakumbi xa kulungiswa iziphene zasekuhlaleni ezifana nemikrwelo kwiintsika ze-hydraulic kunye nemikrwelo eludongeni lwangaphakathi lweesilinda.

Ukubopha okuqinileyo nokuqina kwesinyithi: Umaleko we-cladding kunye ne-matrix zenza i-atomic diffusion fusion, amandla okubopha afikelela kwi-400MPa, okususa ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwe-chromium plating.

Ukusebenza okwenziwe ngokwezifiso: Ngokukhetha i-alloy esekelwe kwi-cobalt engagugiyo (njengeStellite 6), i-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel engagugiyo okanye i-tungsten carbide eqinisiweyo, amandla okusinda kwamacandelo kwiimeko ezinzima zokusebenza ezifana ne-coal gangue impact kunye ne-acid water vapor corrosion anokuphuculwa.

II. Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo: Ukusuka "ekukhuhleni umda" ukuya "ekugqithiseni ukusebenza"

1. Inkxaso ye-hydraulic "uguquko lolwandiso lobomi"

Emva kokuba umaleko we-chromium plating kumphezulu wekholamu ye-hydraulic uxotyulwe, ikholamu kulula ukuyigqwala kwaye ingasebenzi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Itekhnoloji ye-laser cladding ingenza oku kulandelayo:

Emva kokususa i-coating endala, umaleko we-alloy osekwe kwi-cobalt onobukhulu obuyi-0.8-1.5mm ubekwa ngqo kumphezulu we-substrate;

Ubunzima bunyuswe bube yi-HRC 55-60 (umaleko wokuqala we-chromium plating yi-HRC 40-45 kuphela), kwaye ukumelana nokuguguleka kunyuswa ngaphezu kwamaxesha amathathu;

Ukumelana nokugqwala kuphuculwe kakhulu. Ubomi benkonzo yekholamu yokulungisa imigodi emanzini emigodi eneasidi bufikelela kwiinyanga ezili-18, budlula kakhulu icandelo elitsha lokuqala (iinyanga ezi-6-8).

2. Umjelo ophakathi womatshini wokukrwela "uphinde waveliswa"

Ukuguguleka konyaka kwipleyiti esezantsi yomgxobhozo ophakathi kufikelela kwi-15mm, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwendabuko kubiza ngaphezulu kwe-20,000 yuan ngeyunithi nganye. Isisombululo se-laser cladding sisebenzisa i-tungsten carbide particle-reinforced iron matrix composite material kwiindawo ezigugulekayo zeendonga zomgxobhozo. Ngenxa yokuba umphezulu unzima ngaphezu kwe-HRC 62, olu tshintsho lunyusa ukumelana nokuguguleka ngamaxesha ama-5-8. Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimi kwiindawo zemigodi kubonisa ukuba umgxobhozo ophakathi ovuselelweyo wandisa ubomi benkonzo ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiinyanga ezingama-24, ngelixa iindleko zokulungisa ngetoni yamalahle zincipha ngama-40%.

3. "Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha" kodonga lwangaphakathi lwesilinda ye-hydraulic

Ukulungisa ukusilela kokutywina okubangelwa kukukrweleka eludongeni lwesilinda: Le nkqubo isebenzisa ukondla nge-coaxial powder kunye ne-laser nozzle eyenzelwe imingxunya yangaphakathi, okuvumela ukuwelda ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo ezivalekileyo. Uburhabaxa bomphezulu emva kokulungiswa (Ra ≤ 0.8μm) budlula imigangatho emitsha yoomatshini becandelo. Uvavanyo lwasentsimini kwisityalo soomatshini bamalahle lubonisa ukuba ii-cylinders ezilungisiweyo zifezekisa ukuhambelana nokusebenza kokutywina kwe-100% ngelixa zibiza kuphela i-30% yemveliso yee-cylinders ezintsha.

III. Utshintsho oluthathu: Uqoqosho, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye notshintsho oluluhlaza

IV. Ukusuka ekulungisweni ukuya ekuphuculweni: ikamva lokwenziwa ngokutsha kweenjini zamalahle ngobuchule

Ngokudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji ekrelekrele, ukufakwa kwe-laser kufikelela kwinqanaba elitsha kwizicelo zoomatshini bamalahle: 1) Iindawo zokusebenza zerobhothi ezizenzekelayo zivumela ukulungiswa okusemgangathweni kwezixhobo ezifana neekholamu kunye neesilinda, okunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle nge-50%; 2) Iimonitha zolondolozo lwedijithali ezimbini zokuqikelela ukuguga kwezixhobo ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ukuze zenze ukulungiswa kwe-cladding ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukungaphumeleli; 3) Izinto ezisebenzayo ze-gradient zakha iileya ze-composite cladding ezineendawo zangaphandle eziqinileyo zokumelana nokuguguleka kunye neeleya zangaphakathi eziqinileyo ezimelana nokuqhekeka, zijongana ngempumelelo neemeko zokusebenza ezidityanisiweyo zokuguguleka kunye nokuguguleka.