Ukugqunywa nge-laser: "ukuhlaziywa" kwezinto ezichanekileyo ze-aero-injini
Iinjini zeenqwelo-moya, ezibizwa ngokuba "zizinto ezixabisekileyo" kushishino lwanamhlanje, zinyamezela imingeni engapheliyo kunye nezinto zazo eziphambili ezifana neebhlade zeturbine ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neegiya zokudlulisa. Ezi ndawo zibalulekileyo zihlala zinyamezela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, uxinzelelo, kunye nesantya sokujikeleza. Ukudinwa kuyakhula ngokuzolileyo, amazinyo egiya ayaphela ngexesha lokufakelwa i-mesh, kwaye iincam zeebhlade zenza umonakalo ngenxa yokujikeleza okukhawulezayo. Nangona zibonakala zincinci, ezi mpazamo zincinci zisebenza "njengokusilela kwamalungu" afihliweyo - okubangela ukuwohloka kokusebenza kunye nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwepetroli, kunye nokusilela okubi kakhulu. Ukugcinwa "kokutshintshwa" kwendabuko kubonakala kubiza kakhulu kwaye kuthatha ixesha, ngelixa ukunyuka kwetekhnoloji ye-laser cladding ngoku kunika isisombululo esiguqulayo sokuhlaziya ezi nxalenye zichanekileyo.
Ukugqunywa nge-laser: "ukufakelwa kweeseli" okujolise ngokuchanekileyo
Ukugqunywa nge-laser kungaphezulu kakhulu "komsebenzi wokupenda" womphezulu olula - bubuchwepheshe bokuvuselela ngokuchanekileyo obufezekisa ukubopha kwe-metallurgical kwinqanaba le-molecular. Inkqubo ephambili ibandakanya ukusebenzisa umqadi we-laser oxineneyo ngamandla aphezulu ukwenza amachibi e-micro-melt kwiindawo ezonakeleyo, ngelixa ngaxeshanye kufakwa i-powders zesinyithi ezenziwe ngokukodwa ngokuchaneka okucacileyo. Ezi powders ziyanyibilika ngoko nangoko, zihlangane ngokupheleleyo nezinto ezisisiseko, kwaye ziqine ngokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Yonke le nkqubo ifana "notyando lwe-microsurgery" olucokisekileyo:
Indawo Echanekileyo: Umqadi welaser ufezekisa ukuchaneka kokubekwa kwinqanaba le-micron, ujolise kwiindawo ezonakeleyo ngokukhetha ngelixa ukhusela ii-substrates eziphilileyo, ugcina ukuthembeka kwamacandelo kunye namandla awo ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuzalwa kwakhona kweMetallurgical: Umaleko we-cladding wenza i-metallurgical bond eqinileyo ne-substrate, ifikelela kumandla e-bonding angaphezulu kwe-400MPa - idlula i-thermal spray eqhelekileyo (50-100MPa) ngamanani amathathu - isusa ngempumelelo iingozi zokuxobuka kwe-coating.
Ukusebenza Ngokwezifiso: Ngokukhetha iipowder ezihambelana nesiseko okanye ezikumgangatho ophezulu (kuquka iialloy ezishushu kakhulu, iialloy ezisekelwe kwi-cobalt/nickel ezingagugiyo, kwanee-composites eziqiniswe nge-ceramic), sinokuphucula ukumelana nobushushu kwendawo yokulungisa, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokumelana nokudinwa ngokusebenzisa indlela ejolise kuyo.
Indlela yokulungisa izinto eziphambili: ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphaya "kokutshintshwa"
Ukuhlaziywa kweNcam yeBlade: Ukuguguleka okanye ukuguguleka kwencam yeblade kunokuphazamisa iiprofayili ezibalulekileyo ze-aerodynamic, kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwenjini. I-laser cladding ivumela ukulungiswa ngokuchanekileyo kweziphene kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-contours ye-aerodynamic. Iipowders ezikhethekileyo ezinokumelana okuphezulu kobushushu kunezixhobo zokuqala (ezifana neengubo ze-MCrAlY eziqulethe ii-oxides zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga) zingasetyenziswa, zonyusa ukumelana kwe-oxidation yobushushu obuphezulu ngelixa zilungisa iblade. Emva kokulungiswa kwe-laser cladding, ii-turbine blades zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezivela kwimodeli ethile zibonise amandla aphezulu exesha elide e-10-15% kunama-blade amatsha, nto leyo ekhokelela kubomi benkonzo obongezelelekileyo kakhulu.
Ukuqinisa umphezulu wezinyo zeGiya: Ukuphosa, ukuqhekeza, okanye ukuguguleka kumphezulu wezinyo zegiya ziindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusilela. Itekhnoloji yokugquma ngelaser inokukhulisa ngokuchanekileyo umaleko oxineneyo, oqinileyo nongagugulekiyo (njenge-alloy yeStellite 6 esekelwe kwi-cobalt enobunzima obufikelela kwi-HRC 40-50) kumphezulu wezinyo ezigugulekileyo. Umphezulu wezinyo obuyiselweyo awugcini nje ngokubuyisela iiprofayili zezinyo ezichanekileyo kodwa uhlala ufezekisa okanye udlule ukusebenza kwamacandelo amatsha ngokubhekiselele ekugugulekeni. Izicelo ezisebenzayo zibonisa ukuba izixhobo zeenqwelo-moya ezilungisiweyo ezigqunywe ngelaser zinokwandisa ubomi bokudinwa koqhagamshelwano ngama-200%-300%, ngelixa zinciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ingxolo yokudlulisela kunye nokungcangcazela.
Ngaphaya kokulungiswa: Ukunyuka kwentsebenzo kunye nexabiso eliluhlaza
Ixabiso le-laser cladding lidlula kakhulu "ukubuyiselwa":
Uphuculo lokusebenza: Inkqubo yokulungisa ikwalithuba lokuphucula ukusebenza. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ze-gradient ezisebenzayo okanye ii-nanostructured coatings, izinto zinokunikwa iipropati zasekuhlaleni ngaphaya koyilo lwangaphambili (ezifana nokumelana nokuguguleka okugqithisileyo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kobushushu obukhulu).
Uguquko lweendleko: Ixabiso lenxalenye enye echanekileyo (njenge-single crystal turbine blade, i-complex gear) kwinjini yeenqwelo moya idla ngokuba ngamakhulu amawaka eeyuan. Ixabiso lokulungiswa kwe-laser cladding lidla ngokuba yi-20% -50% kuphela yenxalenye entsha, kwaye inzuzo yezoqoqosho iyamangalisa.
Inzuzo yokujikeleza: Xa kuthelekiswa nomjikelo omde wemveliso kunye nowokuthenga wokulinda iinxalenye ezintsha, ukulungiswa kwelaser kwindawo okanye kufutshane nendawo kunokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo ezibalulekileyo ngaphezulu kwama-70%, okuqinisekisa ukulungela ukulwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ukuveliswa okuluhlaza: ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu njengokwembiwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukunyibilikisa kunye nokugqiba, ukunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wekhabhoni kushishino lokuvelisa, kunye nokuhambelana nesicwangciso sophuhliso oluzinzileyo kushishino lweenqwelo moya.