Ukucima nge-laser: indlela entsha yobuchwepheshe yokugquma umzimba we-roll ngesikrweqe esiqinileyo

Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, izixhobo zerola ezifana neerola eziqengqelekayo, iirola ezithwalayo, kunye neesilinda zokomisa zisebenza njengomqolo wemigca yemveliso. Ezi zinto zinyamezela ukuchatshazelwa rhoqo kuxinzelelo olukhulu, ukungqubana okukhulu, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye neendawo ezirhabaxa. Umgangatho womphezulu wezi zinto umisela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nobomi benkonzo. Iindlela zemveli zokuqinisa umphezulu ezifana nokucima ilangatye kunye nokuqinisa i-induction, ngelixa zisetyenziswa kakhulu, zihlala zineengxaki ezibandakanya ukuguqulwa okukhulu, ukusasazwa kobunzima obungalinganiyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amaninzi. Ukuvela kwetekhnoloji yokucima i-laser kuye kwavela njengotshintsho olukhulu, kuguqula ukuqina komphezulu werola ngeenzuzo zayo ezikhethekileyo zokuchaneka okuphezulu, ukuguqulwa okuncinci, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu.

I. Umgaqo oyintloko: I-symphony yamandla kunye nezinto ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza

Ukucima i-laser, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-laser phase-change hardening, yinkqubo yokuqinisa umphezulu esebenzisa imisebe ye-laser enamandla aphezulu njengemithombo yobushushu ukufudumeza ngokukhawuleza iindawo zomsebenzi kulandele ukuzipholisa. Xa isetyenziswa kwimizimba ye-roller, lo mgaqo ungahlulwahlulwa ube ngamanyathelo amathathu:

1. Inaliti yamandla echanekileyo: Umqadi welaser (ngesiqhelo i-CO2₂ okanye i-fiber laser) egxile kwinkqubo ye-optical idala indawo yamandla aqinileyo, esebenza njenge "brashi yomlingo" engabonakaliyo ejonga ngokuchanekileyo umphezulu we-roller. Ngaphakathi kwee-milliseconds ukuya kwimizuzwana, amandla e-laser afunxwa yingubo yesinyithi kumphezulu we-roller, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubushushu bayo bunyuke kakhulu ngaphezu kwe-10,000°C ngomzuzwana. Olu bushushu bukhawulezayo ludlula i-critical phase transition point (Ac3), luguqula izinto zibe yisakhiwo se-austenitic. Ngenxa yexesha elifutshane kakhulu lokuvezwa, ubushushu abunakungena kwiileya ezinzulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuphela umaleko omncinci (ngesiqhelo yi-0.1-1.5mm) ufudunyezwe ngelixa umbindi uhlala kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.

2. Utshintsho Lwesigaba Esikhawulezileyo: Xa umqadi welaser ususiwe, inkqubo yokufudumeza iyaphela ngequbuliso. Ubushushu obuvelayo bubangela ukufudumeza okukhawulezayo ukusuka kumphezulu ukuya kwi-matrix yobushushu obuphantsi, oku kufikelela kwisantya sokuphola se-10⁴-10⁶°C/s. Esi siphumo sokuzipholisa esikhawulezayo sithintela i-austenite ekuphuhliseni ii-carbides, endaweni yoko siyiguqula ibe sisakhiwo se-martensitic esicolekileyo kakhulu. Njengenye yezona zakhiwo zincinci zinzima nezinganyangekiyo kwizinto zentsimbi, i-martensite ichaza ukuphuculwa kobunzima bomphezulu okumangalisayo okufezekiswa ngokucinywa kwelaser.

3. Ulwakhiwo "Lokuqina Kwangaphandle Nokuqina Kwangaphakathi": Ekugqibeleni, umzimba werola ufikelela kwisimo esifanelekileyo sokudibanisa. Umphezulu wayo unomaleko we-martensitic oqinileyo onobunzima obuyi-15%-20% obuphezulu kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo ecinyiweyo, ngelixa umbindi ugcina ukuqina kwawo okugqwesileyo kunye namandla. Olu yilo lukhethekileyo "lwangaphandle oluqinileyo noluqinileyo" luvumela irola ukuba imelane nokuguga okunzima kwaye inyamezele imithwalo enamandla, nto leyo ethintela ngempumelelo iingozi zokuqhekeka ngokubanzi.

II. Inkqubo: Ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo okukrelekrele

Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokucima i-laser emzimbeni omkhulu we-roller akuyonto ilula yokukhanyiswa, kodwa kubunjineli benkqubo yokuchaneka edibanisa ukukhanya, oomatshini kunye nombane. Inkqubo ephambili yile ilandelayo:

1. Unyango lwangaphambi konyango: Ukucoca kunye nokuphucula ukufunxa ukukhanya: Umzimba werola kufuneka uphathwe ngqongqo ngaphambi kokucima. Okokuqala, izinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu ezifana namabala eoyile, iileya ze-oxide, kunye nokungcola zisuswa ngokupheleleyo ngokuqhumisa isanti okanye ngokusila ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu ucocekile kwaye ukhanya. Inyathelo lokugqibela elibalulekileyo libandakanya ukusebenzisa i-coating ekhethekileyo yokufunxa ukukhanya. Ngenxa yokuba umphezulu wesinyithi ubonakalisa ukukhanya okuphezulu kwii-laser ezithile ze-wavelength, le coating iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa amandla e-laser (ukusuka ngaphantsi kwama-40% ukuya ngaphezulu kwama-80%), ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kobushushu okusebenzayo nokulinganayo.

2. Ulawulo lwenkqubo: ukucwangcisa kunye nokuskena ngokuchanekileyo:

Ucwangciso lweNdlela: Ngokusekelwe kulwakhiwo lwejiyometri yerola (umz., isilinda okanye ikhoni) kunye neemfuno zokucima (ezifana neepateni zehelical eziqhubekayo, ubume begridi, okanye iindawo ezimile okwemicu), ikhompyutha ichaza kwangaphambili indlela yokuhamba kwentloko yelaser kunye nesantya sokujikeleza.

Ulawulo Oluchanekileyo LweeParamitha: Iiparamitha zenkqubo engundoqo —— amandla elaser (P), isantya sokuskena (V), kunye nobukhulu bebala (D) —— zilinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukusebenzisana kwezi zinto zintathu (ubuninzi bamandla ≈ P/(V·D)) kumisela ngokuthe ngqo ubunzulu kunye nobunzima bomaleko oqinileyo. Yonke inkqubo yenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo yinkqubo ye-CNC, iqinisekisa ukuphindaphindwa okungenakuthelekiswa nanto kunye nokuhambelana.

Ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kunye nempendulo: Iinkqubo eziphambili zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokubeka iliso ngexesha langempela ezifana nee-thermometers ze-infrared ukulandelela ubushushu bechibi elinyibilikisiweyo ngokuguquguqukayo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukulungelelanisa amandla elaser ngeenkqubo zempendulo, ukuthintela ukutsha kakhulu okanye ukunyibilika komphezulu ngelixa kugcinwa umgangatho wokucinywa ozinzileyo.

3. Emva konyango: Ukuhlolwa kunye nokufudumala: Emva kokucima, sula nje iingubo ezisele kumphezulu ngamanzi okanye ngotywala. Uvavanyo lokuqina, ukulinganisa ubunzulu, kunye nohlalutyo lwe-metallographic lweendawo eziqinileyo ziinkqubo ezibalulekileyo. Nangona ukucima nge-laser kuvelisa uxinzelelo oluncinci, kwimizimba ye-roller echanekileyo kakhulu, ukufudumala okuphantsi kobushushu kunokusetyenziswa ukususa uxinzelelo olusele kunye nokuzinzisa iipropati zesakhiwo.

III. Iingenelo zobugcisa kunye namathuba esicelo esibanzi

Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yendabuko, ukucima nge-laser kubonakalise inzuzo enkulu ekuqiniseni imiqulu:

Ulawulo oluchanekileyo: lunokufikelela ekucimeni ngokuchanekileyo kwanoma yimuphi ubunzulu ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-0.1-2.0mm, kwaye lukhethe ukuqinisa kweendawo ezinzima ezifana nemingxunya kunye nemiphetho.

Ukuguquka kuncinci kakhulu: iimpawu "zokufaka ubushushu obuncinci kunye nesantya sokupholisa ngokukhawuleza" zenza ukuguquka kobushushu kwesixhobo somsebenzi kube kuncinci kakhulu, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, sinokuhlanganiswa ngqo emva kokucima, kususwe ukulula okubizayo kunye nokulungiswa kwesibini.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu: isakhiwo se-martensite esifunyenweyo sinobunzima obuphezulu, ukuguguleka kakuhle kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, kwaye ubomi benkonzo bunokwandiswa nge-1-3.

Luhlaza kwaye lusebenza kakuhle: akukho mfuneko yokucima i-medium (amanzi, ioyile), akukho ngcoliseko; ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, inqanaba eliphezulu lokwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo, ngokuhambelana nengcamango yokwenziwa kwezinto zemvelo zanamhlanje.

Itekhnoloji yokucima i-laser ngoku sele yamkelwe ngokubanzi kumashishini amaninzi, kuquka ii-steel rolling mills, ii-calendar rollers zokwenza amaphepha, iinkqubo zokuprinta kunye nokudaya, kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo kwi-roller kwimveliso yeplastiki kunye nerabha. Ngaphandle kokuvelisa iimveliso ezintsha, le ndlela intsha ikhanya ngakumbi kwicandelo lokuhlaziya nokuvelisa ii-roller. Iphefumla ubomi obutsha kwii-roller ezindala ezisondela ekuthatheni umhlala-phantsi, idala ixabiso elikhulu kwezoqoqosho ngokusebenzisa amandla ayo okuguqula izinto.

IV. Isiphelo

Itekhnoloji yokucima i-laser, ngolawulo lwayo oluchanekileyo lwamandla kunye nezixhobo, inika iirola zoshishino "isikrweqe" esiqinileyo nesiqinileyo. Olu phuculo alubonisi nje kuphela inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kubunjineli bomphezulu kodwa lukwasebenza njengesixhobo esinamandla sokuqhuba utshintsho lokuvelisa ukuya kwiindlela eziphezulu, ezikrelekrele, nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ngokuncitshiswa okuqhubekayo kweendleko zezixhobo ze-laser kunye nokuvuthwa kweenkqubo zokuvelisa, le teknoloji iya kungena ngakumbi kuyo yonke inkalo yemveliso yezimboni, iqhubeka nokuqinisa ukuqina kunye nokuqina kweenkqubo "zomqolo" zoshishino zanamhlanje.