Umahluko phakathi komgubo osekwe kwintsimbi kunye nomgubo osekwe kwi-nickel kwi-laser cladding

Kwi-laser cladding yeendawo zesinyithi eziphosiweyo, ukukhethwa komgubo osekwe kwisinyithi kunye nomgubo osekwe kwi-nickel kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye neendleko zomaleko we-cladding. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zimbini ubonakala kulwakhiwo, ukusebenza, ukulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Umahluko kwizithako

2. Uthelekiso lweNtsebenzo ePhambili

1) Iimpawu zoomatshini

Umgubo osekwe kwintsimbi:

• Ubunzima obuphezulu (HRC 30-60, ngokulungiswa kokwakheka, i-Cr ephezulu, uhlobo lwe-Mo lunokufikelela kwi-HRC 50 okanye ngaphezulu), ukumelana nokuguguleka okuhle;

• Amandla asondele kulawo e-cast iron matrix (amandla okutsalwa yi-500-1000MPa), ukuhambelana okungcono kwe-metallurgical ne-cast iron, kwaye amandla okubopha phakathi komaleko we-cladding kunye ne-matrix aphezulu (ngesiqhelo >300MPa);

• Iimodeli ezinobuthathaka obuphakathi, ubulukhuni obuphezulu zinokuba nobuthathaka obuthile bokuqhekeka (inkqubo yokugquma kufuneka ilawulwe ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo).

Umgubo osekwe kwi-nickel:

• Ubunzima obuphakathi (i-HRC 20-45, uhlobo lwe-alloy ephantsi luthambile, uhlobo lwe-Cr ephezulu, uhlobo lwe-W lunokufikelela kwi-HRC 40-50), kodwa buqinile kakhulu, bunokumelana ngcono nempembelelo kunomgubo osekwe kwisinyithi;

• Amandla okutsalwa aphantsi kancinci kune-powder ene-alloy ephezulu (400-800MPa), kodwa i-plasticity ingcono (i-elongation>10%, i-powder ene-iron idla ngokuba yi-

• Amandla okubopha aphantsi kancinci ngentsimbi ephosiweyo (ngesiqhelo yi-200-300MPa), kodwa akulula ukuvelisa iintanda ezibandayo (ngenxa yokuqina kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-nickel).

2) Ukumelana nokugqwala

Umgubo osekwe kwintsimbi: ukumelana nokugqwala okuphakathi. Umgubo oqhelekileyo osekwe kwintsimbi (i-Cr ephantsi) unokumelana nokugqwala okuphakathi komoya kunye namanzi acocekileyo, kodwa usengozini yokugqwala kwiindawo ezine-asidi kunye ne-alkaline. Uhlobo lwe-Cr ephezulu (umxholo we-Cr > 12%) lunokumelana nokugqwala okuphuculweyo, kodwa alukabi luhle njengomgubo osekwe kwi-nickel.

Umgubo osekwe kwiNickel: Ukumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu, ezifumileyo, ezineasidi kunye ne-alkaline (ezifana ne-organic acid, i-alkali ebuthathaka) (kuba iNi kunye neCr zenza ifilimu ye-oxide exineneyo), efanelekileyo kwiimeko zokugqwala.

3) Ukumelana nobushushu

Umgubo osekwe kwintsimbi: ukumelana nobushushu ngokubanzi, ubushushu bokusebenza ixesha elide buhlala bungaphantsi kwama-500℃ (kulula ukuwunyibilikisa kwaye amandla ayancipha xa kushushu kakhulu).

Umgubo osekwe kwiNickel: ukumelana nobushushu okunamandla, ungasebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu obuyi-600-1000℃ (njengomgubo osekwe kwiNickel oqulethe izinto zeCr kunye neW, ukumelana nokuxinana okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kobushushu).

4) Ukuhambelana ne-cast iron matrix

Umgubo osekwe kwintsimbi: kufutshane ne-thermal expansion coefficient ye-cast iron (esekwe kwi-Fe) (umgubo osekwe kwintsimbi umalunga ne-11-14×10⁻⁶/℃, i-cast iron imalunga ne-10-12×10⁻⁶/℃), uxinzelelo oluncinci lobushushu ngexesha lokugquma, akukho lula ukuqhekeka ngenxa yomahluko wokwanda kobushushu (ingakumbi efanelekileyo kumaleko ongqindilili).

Umgubo osekwe kwiNickel: I-thermal expansion coefficient iphezulu (malunga ne-13-16×10⁻⁶/℃), eyahlukileyo kancinci kwi-cast iron. Kulula ukuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lobushushu ngexesha lokugquma okujiyileyo, ekufuneka kuncitshiswe ngokufudumeza kwangaphambili, ukupholisa kancinci okanye ukugquma okuneeleya.

3. Umahluko ekuzivumelaniseni neemeko zenkqubo

Umgubo osekwe kwintsimbi:

• Uvakalelo oluphantsi kumandla e-laser, ukunyibilika okuphakathi kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo, kulula ukwenza umaleko osicaba;

• Iqulethe izinto ezisusa ioksijini ezifana neSi kunye neB, inokunyamezela okuphezulu ukungcola okufana ne-C kunye ne-S kwisinyithi esityhidiweyo (akulula ukuvelisa iimbobo);

• Izinga lokunyibilika komaleko wokugquma (umlinganiselo wesinyithi esisisiseko esixutywe kumaleko wokugquma) kunzima ukuwulawula, ngokuqhelekileyo ulawulwa kwi-10%-20% (ukuphakama kakhulu kunokunciphisa ubulukhuni).

Umgubo osekwe kwi-nickel:

• Izinga eliphezulu lokufunxwa yilaser, ukunyibilika kakuhle kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo (ingakumbi umgubo osekwe kwi-nickel oqulethe i-B kunye ne-Si), kulula ukuwenza umaleko obhityileyo nofanayo wokugquma;

• I-C ethambileyo kwi-cast iron. Ukuba i-matrix inomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni (njenge-grey cast iron), kulula ukwenza ii-brittle phases (ezifana ne-network carbides) ngenxa yokusasazeka kwe-C kwi-cladding layer. Kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokungqongqo iiparameter ze-laser (ezifana nokunciphisa amandla kunye nokunyusa isantya sokuskena) ukunciphisa izinga lokuxuba (ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-10%);

• Kulula ukusabela nge-sulfur (S) kwisinyithi esityhidiweyo ukuze kwenze i-eutectic enyibilikayo kancinci (njenge-Ni₃S₂), nto leyo ebangela ukuqhekeka kobushushu. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-sulfide ezingaphezulu ziyasuswa ngexesha lonyango lwangaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zesinyithi esityhidiweyo.

4. Iimeko zeendleko kunye nezicelo

Isishwankathelo

• Umgubo osekelwe kwintsimbi uyathandwa: xa kulandelwa iindleko eziphantsi kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu, kwaye iimeko zokusebenza azifuni ukugqwala okunamandla okanye ubushushu obuphezulu (njengokulungisa iindawo eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini).

• Umgubo osekelwe kwi-nickel uyathandwa: xa kufuneka ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nobushushu okanye ukuqina okuphezulu, kwaye iindleko eziphezulu zamkelekile (ezifana nokuqinisa iindawo zesinyithi ezicociweyo ngokuchanekileyo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo).